Manure surplus in agriculture, 1970-2014

Nitrogen surplus

Between 2013 and 2014 the nitrogen surplus in agriculture decreased by 5 percent. The trend has been downward since 1986 after having risen since 1970, due to the increase in intensive livestock farming. The maximum level was reached in 1986 and was subsequently reduced by half over the next two decades. In the last 10 years, the nitrogen surplus was further reduced by one-third.
In the years 2011 up to 2014 60 percent of nitrogen input on agricultural land was absorbed in vegetable growing. In the 1990's this percentage was still around 47 percent. Since then application of inorganic fertilisers has been reduced and manure production was reduced considerably. Also, more manure was used outside the agricultural sector.

Phosphorus surplus

In 2014, the phosphorus surplus in agriculture had almost disappeared, which means that nearly 100 percent of phosphorus applied on agricultural land was used in crop growing. On average, 89 percent of phosphorus was used during the period 2011-2014, as against 50 percent in the 1990s.
Over the past 10 years, less phosphorus was applied on agricultural land, because the application of inorganic fertilisers was reduced and more manure was used outside the agricultural sector. For phosphorus the share of disposal outside the agricultural sector in the total of manure production was 24 percent between 2011 and 2014, versus approximately 7 percent in the 1990s.

Policy

In 2006 a new fertiliser policy based on application criteria for fertilisers was introduced in the Netherlands. As a result application criteria became more strict between 2006 and 2014. Since 2010, application criteria for phosphorus have been made dependent on the concentration of phosphorus in the soil. Manure production was also restricted. In terms of nitrogen and phosphorus, the annual Dutch manure production is not allowed to exceed the 2002 level.